Product Description
Product Description
Low flatbed semi-trailers have flatbed, concave beam and tire exposed structures, and the longitudinal beams are straight or gooseneck. The frame is stepped, and the cross section of the longitudinal beam is I-shaped, which has the characteristics of high rigidity and high strength.
Product Parameters
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Low bed semi trailer |
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Loading Capacity |
40-80 tons |
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Axle |
3 pieces, 13T FUWA/BPW axle |
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Tyre |
12 pieces, 12R22.5/11R22.5/315/80R22.5 |
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Dimensions(LxWxH) |
13000 -17000mm x 3000 x 1750mm(Customized by you) |
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Tare weight |
10 tons to 15 tons |
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Axle spacing |
1310mm |
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Rims |
8.5-20, 9.0-20 |
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Suspension System |
Heavy Duty Leaf spring suspension / air suspension |
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Brake System |
Dual line pneumatic brake system with WABCO emergency relay valve |
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Main Beam |
Height 500mm Q345 carbon steel |
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Chassis |
upper 20mm, lower 20mm. Mid web 12mm |
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Rear Loading Ramps |
2 nos, 720 mm width, spring loaded & manually operated with safety chain |
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Kingpin |
2′ or 3.5′ interchangeable,JOST brand |
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Landing Gear |
28 Tons , Two speed manual operation |
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Electrical System |
1.Voltage: 24v 2. Receptacle: 7 ways (7 wire harness) German standard |
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Lights and Reflectors |
Rear light, rear reflector, turn indicative light, side reflector, fog lamp, number plate light |
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Painting |
Shot blast to SA 2.5 Standard prior to application of primer, polyurethane top coat. Total DFT not less than 100μm;Any color will be available |
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Tool Box |
One tool box with a set of standard trailer tools |
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Spare Tyre Carrier |
One piece or 2 pieces |
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Company Profile
Packaging & Shipping
FAQ
FAQ
Q: Are you a manufacturer?
A:Yes, we have been in special vehicle vehicle manufacturing for over 30 years. We are not just a factory, as we have sales team and our own offices that all your requirements and inquires will be replied in time.
Q: Can you satisfy my special requirement?
A: Definitely! We are direct manufacturer and we can discuss the parcticable plan and produce it as your request.
Q:How about your product quality?
A: Quality is our culture! “Our factory has advanced production technology and management team!
We always attach great importance to quality controlling from the very beginning!
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| After-sales Service: | Yes |
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| Warranty: | 24 Months |
| Type: | Semi-Trailer |
.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
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Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
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| Payment Method: |
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Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
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| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
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How does the choice of materials impact the durability and reliability of trailer suspensions?
The choice of materials significantly impacts the durability and reliability of trailer suspensions. Here’s a detailed explanation:
The materials used in the construction of trailer suspensions play a crucial role in determining their strength, longevity, and ability to withstand various loads and environmental conditions. Different components of the suspension system, such as springs, axles, shackles, and hangers, can be made from different materials. Here are some key factors related to materials and their impact on suspension durability and reliability:
- Strength and Load Capacity:
- Corrosion Resistance:
- Fatigue Resistance:
- Weight Reduction:
- Cost Considerations:
The materials used in suspension components need to possess sufficient strength and load-carrying capacity to handle the anticipated loads. High-strength materials, such as alloy steels or specialized composites, are often used to ensure that the suspension can withstand the weight of the trailer and its cargo. By selecting materials with appropriate strength characteristics, the suspension can maintain its structural integrity and prevent failures under heavy loads.
Trailer suspensions are exposed to various environmental conditions, including moisture, road salts, and other corrosive substances. Choosing materials with good corrosion resistance helps protect the suspension components from rust and degradation. Stainless steel, galvanized steel, or specialized coatings can be used to enhance the corrosion resistance of critical suspension parts, ensuring long-term reliability and reducing maintenance requirements.
Trailer suspensions are subjected to repeated cycles of loading and unloading as the trailer travels over uneven road surfaces. Materials with high fatigue resistance are crucial to prevent the development of cracks or fractures over time. Specialized alloys or heat treatment processes can be employed to enhance the fatigue resistance of suspension components, ensuring their long-term durability and reliability.
The choice of lightweight materials can contribute to improved fuel efficiency and payload capacity. By utilizing lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloys or advanced composites, the overall weight of the suspension system can be reduced without compromising strength and performance. This allows for increased payload capacity or improved fuel economy, depending on the specific trailer application.
The choice of materials can also impact the cost of manufacturing and maintaining trailer suspensions. Some materials may be more expensive than others, and the overall cost-effectiveness of the suspension system needs to be evaluated. It’s important to strike a balance between the desired performance, durability, and budgetary constraints.
Manufacturers of trailer suspensions carefully consider these factors when selecting materials for their products. They aim to provide suspensions that offer a balance of strength, durability, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
In summary, the choice of materials has a significant impact on the durability and reliability of trailer suspensions. The selection of materials with appropriate strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and weight reduction properties enhances the performance and longevity of the suspension system. By considering these factors, trailer owners can ensure that their suspensions are capable of withstanding the demands of their specific applications and operating environments.
What safety considerations should be taken into account when using trailer suspensions in towing?
When using trailer suspensions in towing, it’s crucial to prioritize safety to prevent accidents and ensure the well-being of both the driver and other road users. Here are important safety considerations to keep in mind:
- 1. Weight Distribution: Properly distribute the weight of the cargo within the trailer. Ensure that the load is evenly balanced to prevent overloading of one axle or side, which can lead to instability and loss of control.
- 2. Load Capacity: Stay within the specified load capacity of the trailer suspension. Overloading can strain the suspension components, leading to premature wear and potential failure.
- 3. Regular Inspections: Conduct routine inspections of the trailer suspension system, including springs, shocks, and fasteners. Look for signs of wear, damage, or loose components. Address any issues promptly to prevent accidents.
- 4. Tire Maintenance: Ensure that trailer tires are in good condition, properly inflated, and have adequate tread depth. Bald or underinflated tires can lead to blowouts or loss of control during towing.
- 5. Brake System: Maintain the trailer’s brake system in optimal condition. Test and adjust the brakes as needed to ensure they provide effective stopping power. Inadequate brakes can result in longer stopping distances and accidents.
- 6. Trailer Lights: Ensure that all trailer lights, including brake lights, turn signals, and taillights, are functioning correctly. Proper lighting enhances visibility and signals your intentions to other drivers.
- 7. Trailer Hitch: Use a compatible and properly installed trailer hitch that is rated for the weight of your trailer and load. Make sure the hitch is securely attached to the towing vehicle and the trailer tongue.
- 8. Secure Cargo: Secure the cargo inside the trailer to prevent shifting during transit. Use appropriate tie-downs and restraints to keep the load stable and prevent accidents caused by cargo movement.
- 9. Driving Speed: Adhere to safe driving speeds and follow posted speed limits. Speeding while towing can reduce your ability to react to unexpected situations and increase the risk of accidents.
- 10. Towing Vehicle: Ensure that the towing vehicle is in good mechanical condition. Regularly service the vehicle’s engine, brakes, transmission, and suspension to maintain towing performance and safety.
- 11. Emergency Equipment: Carry essential emergency equipment, including a jack, spare tire, fire extinguisher, first aid kit, and reflective warning triangles. These items can be invaluable in case of roadside emergencies.
- 12. Weather Conditions: Adjust your driving behavior and maintain a safe following distance in adverse weather conditions, such as rain, snow, or ice. Wet or slippery roads can increase stopping distances and reduce traction.
- 13. Driver Training: Ensure that the driver has the necessary training and experience in towing trailers. Towing a trailer requires specific skills and awareness of handling differences compared to driving without a trailer.
- 14. Emergency Procedures: Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures, including how to react in the event of trailer sway, jackknifing, or other critical situations. Knowing how to respond can prevent accidents from escalating.
Prioritizing safety when using trailer suspensions in towing is essential for preventing accidents and ensuring a secure and efficient towing experience. Regular maintenance, proper load management, and adherence to safety guidelines are key to safe towing operations.
Can you describe the factors to consider when selecting trailer suspensions for specific applications?
When selecting trailer suspensions for specific applications, several factors need to be considered. Here’s a detailed explanation:
- Load Capacity:
- Towing Conditions:
- Trailer Type:
- Comfort:
- Budget:
- Maintenance and Durability:
- Special Requirements:
The load capacity of the trailer suspension is a crucial factor to consider. It should be able to handle the anticipated weight of the trailer’s cargo. The suspension system should have sufficient load-carrying capacity to support the payload and distribute the weight evenly across the axles.
The towing conditions play a significant role in determining the appropriate trailer suspension. Consider factors such as the type of terrain, road conditions, and towing speed. For example, if the trailer will be frequently used on rough or uneven roads, a suspension system with excellent shock absorption capabilities, such as an independent suspension or air suspension, may be preferred.
The type of trailer being used is an essential consideration. Different trailers have varying requirements based on their intended purpose. For instance, utility trailers carrying heavy equipment may benefit from leaf spring suspensions due to their load-carrying capacity, while enclosed trailers transporting delicate cargo may require suspensions that provide superior shock absorption and stability.
If towing comfort is a priority, the suspension system’s ability to provide a smooth and stable ride becomes crucial. Factors such as shock absorption, vibration dampening, and reduced trailer sway contribute to a comfortable towing experience. Suspensions like torsion axle suspensions or air suspensions are often chosen for their superior ride quality.
The budget available for the trailer suspension is an important factor to consider. Different suspension systems have varying costs associated with their design, construction, and components. It’s important to balance the desired features and performance with the available budget.
The maintenance requirements and durability of the suspension system should be evaluated. Some suspensions may require more frequent maintenance, such as lubrication or component replacements, while others may offer longer service intervals. It’s important to consider the expected lifespan of the suspension and the associated maintenance costs.
Specific applications may have unique requirements that need to be taken into account. For example, trailers used for hauling livestock may require suspensions that minimize stress and vibrations to ensure the well-being of the animals. Specialized trailers, such as boat trailers, may need suspensions that offer protection against water or corrosion.
In summary, when selecting trailer suspensions for specific applications, factors such as load capacity, towing conditions, trailer type, comfort, budget, maintenance, durability, and any special requirements should be carefully considered. Evaluating these factors will help determine the most suitable suspension system that can provide optimal performance, stability, and comfort for the intended application.
editor by CX 2024-03-29
China factory Hydraulic Steering Lift-Able Heavy Duty Semi Trailer Suspension
Product Description
Company Profile
HangZhou Hilite Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Established In 2012, Professional Chinese Supplier Of Trailer Parts, Truck Parts And Agricultural Vehicle Parts. We Are a Professional & Modern Company Who Specializes In R&D, Production And Sales Of Leaf Spring ,Axles, Suspension,Brake System(Relay Valve,Abs…),Tank Trailer Accessories,Etc.
Our Advantages
Our Products Are Mainly Sold To Southeast Asia, Europe, Central And South America, The Middle East And Africa. Our Value Is To Gain More Market Share By Profit&Value Delivery Our Customers And Partners. CHINAMFG Parts is Compatible with BP / Fw Accessories, Can Be Couple with SINOTRUCK/BENZ/FAW/XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS.FENG… Trucks & Trailers. CHINAMFG Is Committed To Providing Customer With Professional And Precise Services, High-Quality Products with Sufficient Experiecne.
OEM & Packing
Product Description
| Model | H1(mm) | H2(mm) | L1(mm) | L2(mm) | L3(mm) | L4(mm) | L5(mm) | H(mm) | Axle load(kg) |
| HLT-9AC11 | 415 | 406 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 130 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC12 | 435 | 426 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 150 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC13 | 465 | 456 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 180 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC14 | 495 | 486 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 210 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC15 | 515 | 506 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 230 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC16 | 535 | 526 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 250 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC17 | 555 | 546 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 270 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC18 | 585 | 576 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 300 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC19 | 605 | 596 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 320 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
| HLT-9AC20 | 635 | 626 | 485 | 1310 | 495 | 1135 | 1155 | 350 | 13,000*2/3/4/5 |
CHINAMFG Specializes In R&D, Production And Sales Of Auto Leaf Springs, American &German Axles, Leaf Spring Suspensions, Air Suspensions, Hydraulic Suspensions, Rigid Suspensions And Other Types Of Suspensions, Single/Double Landing Gear, Electric Landing Gear, Hydraulic Landing Gear And Various Types Of Landing Gear , As Well As Tank Trailer Accessories Such As Manhole Covers, Discharge Valves, Subsea Valves, Etc. 500,000+ Types, One Stop Shopping For All.
Quality Comparasion
. Tandem, Tridem, Quad, All Are Available.
. From 12 Tons To 20 Tons Capacity To Meet Different Requirements
. Different Rh Are Available.
. Different Leaf Spring Are Available.
. Greaseless Powdered Metal Bushing For High Durability
. High Strength Material For Longer Life At Higher Loads
. Simple Maintenance
Certifications
CHINAMFG Provide Guaranteed Services For All Products, Respect And Pay Attention To The Opinions Of Customers And Partners, Including Customizing And Developing New Products According To Customers’ Requirements, Believing Customer Satisfaction Is Our CHINAMFG Pursuit. More Than 76% Of The Customers Who Have Used Hilite Products Have Become Our Loyal Customers, Who Have Established An Incredible Brand Effect For Us In The Local Area.
Factory View
We Would Like To Cooperate With You To Create More New Bonds In The Future.
FAQ
1Q: CAN YOU DESIGN AND PRODUCE THE PRODUCTS WE WANT?
A:We Have Rich Experience And Strong Technical Support To Design And Produce By Your Samples Or Drawings.Warmly Welcomed For Your Samples Or Drawing.
2Q:WHAT’S THE PROCESS OF PURCHASING ORDERS FROM YOU?
A:1.Send Us Your Specific Demand,Such As Oem Numbers, Photos, Trailer Models,Ect.
2.Confirm Our Quotation With Photos And Other Detials.
3.Negotiate About All Details You Need: Packing, Delivery Terms,Warranty, Ect.
4.Sign The Contract For The Payment,We Will Make The Production On Time.
3Q.WHAT IS YOUR TERMS OF PAYMENT?
A: T/T 30% As Deposit, And 70% Before Delivery.
L/C,T/T,D/P, Western Union,Paypal,Money Gram, Others
Photos And Videos Of The Products Will Be Provided Before Your Balance Payment.
4Q :WE WANT TO TRY IN A SMALL QUANTITY AS TRIAL ORDER,BUT LESS THAN YOUR MOQ. WHAT IS YOUR POLICY?
Sample Test And Sample Orders Could Be Accepted If We Have Ready Parts In Stock. /* March 10, 2571 17:59:20 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| After-sales Service: | 12months |
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| Warranty: | 12months |
| Material: | Carbon |
| Certification: | ISO10012, BSCI, GMP, GSV, ISO13485, OHSAS18001, ISO14001, ISO/TS16949, ISO9001 |
| Position: | Rear |
| OEM: | Yes |
| Samples: |
US$ 1/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
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| Customization: |
Available
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Please answer in detail: What maintenance practices are recommended for trailer suspensions to ensure optimal functionality?
Proper maintenance of trailer suspensions is crucial to ensure optimal functionality, enhance safety, and extend the lifespan of components. Here are recommended maintenance practices for trailer suspensions:
- 1. Regular Inspections: Conduct routine visual inspections of the entire suspension system, including springs, hangers, bushings, and mounting hardware. Look for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Inspect for loose or missing components and address any issues promptly.
- 2. Lubrication: Ensure that all moving parts, such as bushings and pivot points, are adequately lubricated. Lubrication reduces friction, minimizes wear, and promotes smooth movement. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the type and frequency of lubrication.
- 3. Check Spring Alignment: Verify that leaf springs are correctly aligned and not showing signs of misalignment. Misaligned springs can lead to uneven tire wear and affect the stability of the trailer. Correct any misalignments as needed.
- 4. Inspect Shocks and Dampers: Check shock absorbers or dampers for leaks, visible damage, or signs of reduced effectiveness. Worn or damaged shocks can compromise ride quality and handling. Replace shocks that show signs of wear or failure.
- 5. Monitor Air Suspension Systems: If the trailer is equipped with air suspension, regularly inspect airbags, valves, and associated components. Check for leaks, proper inflation, and ensure that air suspension components are in good working condition. Address any air leaks promptly.
- 6. Torque Check for Fasteners: Periodically check and torque all fasteners, including bolts, nuts, and U-bolts. Loose or improperly tightened fasteners can lead to component failure and compromise the integrity of the suspension system.
- 7. Check Suspension Alignment: Verify that the suspension components are properly aligned. Misaligned components can cause uneven tire wear and affect the handling of the trailer. Correct any alignment issues to ensure even weight distribution.
- 8. Inspect Bushings and Wear Points: Check for wear on bushings and other wear points in the suspension system. Excessive wear can lead to play in the components and affect the trailer’s stability. Replace worn bushings and components as part of routine maintenance.
- 9. Examine Brake Components: Inspect brake components, including drums, pads, and calipers. Ensure that the brakes are functioning correctly and that there is even wear on the brake components. Replace any worn or damaged brake parts promptly.
- 10. Perform Wheel Alignment: Maintain proper wheel alignment to prevent irregular tire wear and ensure straight-line stability. Misaligned wheels can place additional stress on suspension components and lead to premature wear.
- 11. Address Unusual Noises: Pay attention to any unusual noises coming from the suspension during operation. Clunks, squeaks, or rattles may indicate underlying issues. Investigate and address the source of unusual noises promptly.
- 12. Follow Manufacturer Recommendations: Adhere to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule and guidelines. Manufacturers provide specific instructions for maintaining their suspension systems, and following these recommendations is essential for optimal performance and warranty compliance.
- 13. Consider Professional Inspections: Periodically, consider having the trailer suspension system professionally inspected. Trained technicians can identify potential issues that may not be visible during routine inspections, ensuring comprehensive maintenance.
By incorporating these maintenance practices into a routine schedule, trailer owners and operators can help ensure that the suspension system operates optimally, promoting safety, reliability, and longevity.
How does the choice of trailer suspensions affect the overall performance and reliability of a trailer?
The choice of trailer suspensions has a significant impact on the overall performance and reliability of a trailer. It influences various aspects of trailer operation and functionality. Here’s how:
- 1. Load Capacity: The type and design of trailer suspensions determine the trailer’s load-carrying capacity. Choosing suspensions with the appropriate load rating ensures that the trailer can safely carry the intended cargo without overloading or straining the suspension components.
- 2. Ride Quality: The choice of suspensions affects the ride quality for both the trailer and the cargo. A well-matched suspension system can provide a smoother and more stable ride, reducing the risk of cargo damage and enhancing driver comfort.
- 3. Handling and Maneuverability: Different suspension systems offer varying levels of handling and maneuverability. Some suspensions are designed for stability during high-speed highway travel, while others excel in off-road or rugged terrain. Choosing the right suspension type ensures optimal handling characteristics.
- 4. Durability and Longevity: The quality and construction of trailer suspensions play a vital role in their durability. High-quality suspensions are less prone to wear and are designed to withstand the rigors of heavy-duty use, resulting in longer service life and increased reliability.
- 5. Maintenance Requirements: The maintenance needs of trailer suspensions can vary depending on their type and design. Some suspensions require more frequent lubrication and inspection, while others are designed for minimal maintenance. Selecting suspensions that align with your maintenance capabilities can affect long-term reliability.
- 6. Adaptability to Terrain: The choice of suspensions impacts the trailer’s adaptability to different terrains. Air suspensions, for example, excel in providing a smooth ride on rough or uneven surfaces, enhancing versatility and reliability in various settings.
- 7. Safety: Properly matched suspensions contribute to trailer safety. A well-balanced suspension system helps prevent trailer sway, reduces the risk of rollovers, and enhances stability during emergency maneuvers, improving overall safety.
- 8. Fuel Efficiency: Some suspensions are designed to minimize rolling resistance, which can improve fuel efficiency. Choosing fuel-efficient suspensions can lead to cost savings over the trailer’s operational lifespan.
- 9. Compatibility with Towing Vehicle: The choice of trailer suspensions should consider the towing vehicle’s specifications. Ensuring compatibility between the trailer suspensions and the towing vehicle’s capabilities is essential for safe and reliable towing.
- 10. Load Distribution: Trailer suspensions play a critical role in distributing the weight of the cargo evenly across the axles. Proper load distribution enhances stability, prevents overloading, and reduces the risk of component wear or failure.
In summary, the choice of trailer suspensions directly impacts the trailer’s performance, reliability, and safety. It’s essential to carefully consider factors such as load capacity, terrain, maintenance requirements, and intended use when selecting suspensions to ensure that they align with the specific needs of your trailer and operational requirements.
In what types of trailers are suspensions commonly used, and how do they vary?
Suspensions are commonly used in various types of trailers to provide support, stability, and shock absorption. Here’s a detailed explanation:
- Types of Trailers:
- 1. Utility Trailers: Utility trailers, including flatbed trailers, equipment trailers, and landscape trailers, often feature suspensions. These trailers are designed to transport a wide range of materials, equipment, or goods and require suspensions to ensure load support, stability, and a smoother ride.
- 2. Enclosed Trailers: Enclosed trailers, such as cargo trailers and box trailers, are commonly equipped with suspensions. These trailers are used for transporting goods that require protection from the elements and benefit from suspensions to absorb shocks, enhance stability, and protect the cargo.
- 3. Livestock Trailers: Livestock trailers, used for transporting animals, typically have suspensions to provide a smoother ride and minimize stress on the animals. The suspensions help absorb shocks and vibrations, ensuring the well-being and safety of the livestock during transportation.
- 4. RV Trailers: Recreational vehicles (RVs), including travel trailers and fifth-wheel trailers, utilize suspensions to enhance comfort and stability. These trailers are designed for living and leisure purposes and benefit from suspensions to provide a smoother ride, reduce vibrations, and improve overall towing experience.
- 5. Boat Trailers: Boat trailers, used for transporting boats to and from the water, often feature suspensions. These suspensions help absorb road shocks and vibrations, ensuring the safety of the boat during transportation and minimizing potential damage to the hull and other components.
- Variations in Suspensions:
- 1. Leaf Spring Suspension: Leaf spring suspensions are widely used in trailers and consist of multiple layers of curved metal strips (leaves) that flex and absorb shocks. They are known for their durability, load-carrying capacity, and cost-effectiveness.
- 2. Coil Spring Suspension: Coil spring suspensions use helical coil springs to provide support and shock absorption. They offer a smoother ride and are commonly used in trailers that require improved comfort, such as RVs or enclosed trailers.
- 3. Torsion Axle Suspension: Torsion axle suspensions use a rubberized torsion arm system to provide independent suspension for each wheel. They offer excellent shock absorption, improved stability, and are commonly used in utility trailers and RVs.
- 4. Air Suspension: Air suspensions utilize airbags to support the trailer’s weight and provide adjustable suspension stiffness. They offer a high level of adjustability, enhanced ride quality, and are commonly used in heavy-duty trailers or specialized applications.
- 5. Independent Suspension: Independent suspensions allow each wheel to move independently, providing superior shock absorption and stability. They are commonly used in high-end trailers, including luxury RVs or high-performance trailers.
Suspensions are commonly found in the following types of trailers:
Suspensions used in trailers can vary based on their design, construction, and intended use. Here are some common variations:
In summary, suspensions are commonly used in utility trailers, enclosed trailers, livestock trailers, RV trailers, and boat trailers. The choice of suspension varies based on trailer type and requirements. Common variations include leaf spring suspension, coil spring suspension, torsion axle suspension, air suspension, and independent suspension. Each type offers specific benefits in terms of load support, shock absorption, stability, and ride quality, catering to the diverse needs of different trailer applications.
editor by CX 2024-01-02
China best Vehicle Master U Shaped Hydraulic Tipping Tipper Semi Truck Dump Trailer 3/ 4 Axles 40 Cbm/ 45/ 35 Cubic CZPT 50ton 60ton for Sand boat trailer axle
Product Description
Product Description
Features:
Rear Dump Trailer
Dump Trailer is 1 of heavy duty trailer. Also known as dumper or engineering vehicle, a dump trailer is equipped with an automatic dumping device. It is composed of automobile chassis, hydraulic lifting mechanism, power take-off device, and cargo compartment. In civil engineering, it often operates along with excavators, loaders, and belt conveyors to form production lines for loading, unloading and transporting earthwork, gravel, and loose materials.
Dump trailers have the capability of automatically dumping the material at a certain angle, which significantly saves time and labor, shortens transportation cycle, improves production efficiency, and reduces transportation cost. The carriage can be tilted backward or laterally.
Length: 8m, 9m, 10m
Material: carbon steel
Capacity: 30T, 40T, 50T, 60T, 80T, 100T
Number of Axles: 2 axles, 3 axles, 4 axles
King Pin: 2″, 3.5″, JOST
Tire: 12R22.5, 1100R20, 1200R20
Specification
Specification of Rear Dump Trailer
| Item | Specification |
| Brand | Vehicle Master |
| Application | Coal/Mine/Stand/Stone Loading |
| Dump Style | Rear Dump |
| Loading Capacity | 30T-100T |
| Axle | 2/3/4*13/16T VEHICLE MASTER/FUWA/BPW |
| Length | 11000mm |
| Width | 2500mm |
| Height | 2800mm |
| Cylinder | HYVA (model is according to the length of cargo box) |
| Floor Plate Thickness | 5mm |
| Cargo Thickness | 4mm |
| Cargo Style | Rectanglular/Round |
| Front Axle Lifting | Available |
|
Main Beam |
Material Q345/T700 |
| Height: 500mm | |
| Upper Plate: 14mm | |
| Middle Plate: 8mm | |
| Lower Plate: 16mm | |
| Tire | 11.00R20/12R222.5*8/12/16 pieces Linglong/Triangle/Double-Coin |
| Rim | 8.0/9.0*8/12/16 pieces, steel/aluminum |
| Suspension | Mechanical/Airbag |
| Leaf Spring | 90mm*13/16mm*10 pieces |
| Landing Gear | 28T two-speed, JOST |
| King Pin | #50(2″)/#90(3.5″), JOST/Other Brand |
| Tool Box | Steel/aluminum |
Product details
Product details
Advanced Axle Performance
Integrated advanced low-alloy axle beam with no welding points; strong capacity and high strength; axles can be free of maintenance up to 3 years or 400,000 kilometers.
Anti-Tire abrasion Suspension
Specially designed anti-Tire abrasion suspension system, prevent tire offset after loading, maximally avoid tire abrasion. Meanwhile, Easy to disassemble and maintain.
Electrical Tarpaulin
Automatic electrical tarpaulin can be optioned to better protect cargo from rain and dust.
Hydraulic cylinder
High quality brand of hydraulic cylinders; appropriate models of cylinders with matching capacities will be used accordingly
Landing Gear
Vehicle Master or JOST landing gear can be optioned made in aluminum or steel; designed to work under both high and low temperature in the range of -30ºC to 120 ºC.
National Welding Standard
All the welding is supervised with national highest standards, while automatic welding robots are incorporated. 30 minutes longer than normal welding time ensures the best results.
Polyurethane combination painting
Tankers are subjected to shot blasting process: base paint once, and Polyurethane combination painting for the second time; high oxidation resistance and stronger adhesion
Rational Analysis design
Adhering to the concept of uniform force on trailer frame, the 42 rib design ensures the safety and carrying capacity of our trailer.
Tanker Body
Sufficient cargo box space, optional U type or rectangle type, and full thickness premium steel is used for strong carry capacity.
Features and benefits
Features and benefits
1.Steel
Baogang steel with high durability and excellent pressure resistance (ZheJiang Baogang is the best and largest steel plant in China)
2. Painting
New electrophoretic painting technology is adopted to completely avoid any potential issues with rust, which can last for 8 to 10 years.
3.Structural Design
Compared to other trailers in the same weight class, we use the latest structural design that increases the capacity by about 20% in contrast with ordinary structure.
4. Parts
All parts are first-class quality to ensure the longest service life.
5. Industry advantage
We have our own semi-trailer factory, tank trailer factory, and axle and suspension factory, and steel processing factory to ensure the best quality from the very beginning.
After Sales Service
After Sales Service
Team building photos
Customer Feedback
Packaging & Shipping
Packaging & Shipping
Packaging Details
dump trailer/rear dump trailer/coal transport semi trailer
Nude Packing
1. 3 or 4 sets stacked ;
2. Cut the rear part which can load 2 sets in 1 40 ft container ;
3. Keep the trailer original but load 2 sets in 1 45 ft container.
Workshop
Workshop
Company Profile
Company Profile
Since 1980s Brand VEHICLE MASTER was created,Whole Staff Begin to Think of truck trailer transportation,Through Almost 40 Years R&D,production and practice,Finally become famous Manufacturer and supplier of truck trailer.
Vehicles Production Base over 40 years of development and accumulation. The leading products including Container semi trailer, low bed semi trailer, fuel tank semi trailer,side wall semi trailer, cargo semi trailer, fence semi trailer, box semi trailer, tipper semi trailer, car carrier semi trailer and all types special purpose semi trailer.CZPT CZPT CC brands truck tractor, dump truck other truck series together with all spare parts, such as axles, landing gear,springs, suspension, etc.
Team building photos
Certifications
FAQ
FAQ
1. Are you a manufacturer?
Yes, we have been in special vehicle manufacturing and marketing for over 40 years.
2. What markets do your vehicle export to?
Europe, North & South America, South-East Asia, Africa, Oceanica, Middle East countries etc.
3. What information should I let you know if I want to get a quotation?
Please let us know your purpose, road condition, cargo type, tons of your cargo, dimensions of the trailer, quantity etc. The more info you provide, the more accurate model and the price you will get.
4. Is it available to print our own brand on the vehicle?
Totally acceptable as you wish.
5. How can I get the price of your vehicle?
You can connect with us through any contact information. Our personalized service person will respond to you within 24 hours.
| After-sales Service: | Permanent Service |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 2 Year Warranty for Main Structure |
| Type: | Semi-Trailer |
| Load Capacity: | 80T |
| Certification: | ECE, GCC, CE, ISO9001, DOT, CCC, ISO/TS16949 |
| Wheel Base: | 7000-8000mm |
| Samples: |
US$ 10000/Set/Sets
1 Set/Sets(Min.Order) | |
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| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
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Different Types of Axles
An axle is the central shaft of a gear or wheel. It can be mounted to a wheel or to the vehicle itself, and will rotate with the wheels and vehicle. It may also contain bearings. Some vehicles have different types of axles, including Live, Split, Tandem, and Drop-out axles.
Live axle
A beam axle, also called a rigid axle, is a type of dependent suspension system. It connects a set of wheels lateral to one another. In previous times, beam axles were used in the rear of a vehicle, and later on, as the front axle in four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Live axles are also popular on trucks. They can provide better traction and keep the vehicle at a constant height. This is especially helpful for off-road vehicles. Those vehicles are typically driven slowly and the suspension is not as important as handling and cornering. Nonetheless, some trucks still use this design. It can be a great option if you are looking for a vehicle that handles well.
Live axles have a number of drawbacks. The front end of a live axle can destabilize and affect cornering grip. They also require a means of locating the axle, which may be an issue with heavy or lightweight vehicles. Leaf springs can help in this regard. Alternatively, you can opt for an independent rear axle.
Live axles are a great option for drag racing vehicles. They offer better traction and a better structural base than a conventional full floater axle assembly. They also allow for increased gear life and reduce rear end distortion.
Split-axle
If you aren’t sure how to make split axles, you’re not alone. The process can be very difficult, and the parts can get mixed up. The key is to know how to create the proper alignment for your axles. Thankfully, there are some tools that can make this job a breeze.
Split axles have two components: a bolt head 30 that acts as a stop during relative pivotal movement. The axle assembly 16 is then pivotally mounted between the brackets and the frame. During pivotal movement, the bolt head 30 acts as a stop and prevents the axle from moving too far either way. This is done to maintain the pad 28 at a predetermined compression level. This allows the axle to perform a smooth and consistent drive.
Split axles are a common feature of modern vehicles. This type of suspension system provides greater traction, and it allows the left and right wheels to roll at different speeds. It also prolongs the life of tires, and increases traction.
Tandem
A tandem axle trailer is a great choice for hauling large loads. This style of trailer comes with more features and is more stable. These trailers are usually available in 16′, 18′, or 20′ lengths. They are also available with 8,500, or 10,000 GVW capacities. They are a great choice for hauling large loads on main highways.
Tandem axles are commonly used on trucks. Each axle features a drive mechanism, and are attached to the engine power unit. There are two types of tandem axles, one with a standard differential and the other with a power divider. Drivers may have trouble figuring out which axle is driving the truck at different times, so it is important to understand how each type of axle works.
While there are some common rules that apply to tandem axles, there are also some exceptions. In some cases, a single axle has a lower weight limit than a tandem axle, and the two axles must be at least 40 inches apart.
Drop-out
Drop-out axles are used to connect the dropouts of a bike frame. When using dropouts, make sure the distance between the axles is 110mm. Then use a clamp to squeeze the dropouts together. Make sure to measure both dropouts carefully, because a 1mm difference in the width can cause a lot of trouble.
The 9″ drop-out axle was produced from the late 1950s to 1986. They were made in trucks and cars, but not in motorcycles. To use this axle in a 1990 LTD CV, you will need to make several modifications to the mounting of the axle and connection to the drive line. You will also need to consider installing a parking brake. Moreover, this axle is not compatible with the Panther platform. In fact, the drop-out axle is available in several variations.
Drop-out axles are also known as single-speed. The lower part is called the semi-horizontal dropout, while the upper part is called the vertical dropout. This dropout includes an eyelet for mounting a fender or rack.
Czpt
The Czpt axle is a popular choice for a wide variety of vehicles. Initially used in heavy-duty pickup trucks, it was eventually adopted by all major automakers in the U.S., including Ford, Dodge, and Chrysler. It also became popular as a front differential on 4WD vehicles.
Czpt axles are easy to recognize, and the numbering system is consistent regardless of the vehicle model. The axle’s model number is found on the right lower web of the housing near the pinion yoke. It is also stamped on the axle tube. If you can’t find the axle model number, you can find it on Czpt’s website.
Czpt axles are also recognizable by their Bill of Materials (BOM) number. This is like a vehicle’s VIN number, and it identifies the axle’s gear ratio, model number, and component parts. A Czpt axle’s BOM number starts with 60 or 61.
The Czpt axle is the most common axle size in Jeeps. The Czpt 30 axle is the standard, and can be found on most Jeeps. The YJ version of this axle uses a reverse cut ring and pinion, while the TJ version does not. It is made from 5×4.5 inch bolts.
Universal joint
A universal joint is a component that connects two wheels to one another. This component is made to replace worn out or damaged parts on axles. They are also used to repair and replace brakes and drive shaft yokes. The universal joint can be purchased at an auto parts store or online. To replace a universal joint, you need to remove the axle shaft and the front brakes.
The universal joint is a flexible pivot point that transfers power between two shafts. In order to work properly, it must be flexible enough to compensate for changes in the driveline angle. These changes may be due to changing terrain. The universal joint is an important part of the driveline. It is used in both manual and automatic transmissions.
A universal joint should be serviced regularly to maintain its performance. If your universal joint squeaks while driving, it is a sign that it needs to be serviced. A lubricant can help extend the life of a u-joint.
Spindle
Your vehicle’s axle consists of two main components: the hub and the spindle. The spindle rides on the hub, which can become damaged or lose its shape when it hits something. The spindle is also prone to wear from high mileage, and its threads can be damaged. If you suspect that your spindle needs to be replaced, there are several options available.
Axle spindles can be installed in one of three ways. The typical assembly includes bolted spindles on the ends of a tubular axle. The axle is then suspended by springs. Another type of mounting involves a torsion beam on the axle leg, which acts as a spring. It flexes and bends to provide the turning motion. The axle spindle can be a replacement part for your trailer, and there are towing supplies and professionals who can do it for you.
editor by CX 2023-05-05
China 1500kgs/3500lbs Trailer Axle Torsion Axle with Hydraulic Drum Brake a wheel and axle simple machine
Product Description
Product Description
1) Full torsion axles and half torsion axles for boat trailer,utility trailer ,landscape and work trailer and other light duty trailers.
2) Track length can be met as per your request.
3) With or without brake is optional.
4) Capacity options: From 0.5T to 2T.
5) Surface finishing: Black Painting, Galvanized. Dacromet.
6) We could manufacture according to your dimension drawing.
Please be noted: Torsion Axles shouldn’t be used in tandem or triple.
Product Parameters
| Size | Capacity (kg) | SC (mm) | TR (mm) |
LP (mm) |
Axle Tube (mm) |
Brake Szie |
Studs | P.C.D | B.C.D | Torque arm angle |
Offset center of the arm |
| TL-NYG0.75 | 750 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 60×60 | 10″ | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ60 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.0 | 1000 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 70×70 | 10″ | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ64 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.5 | 1500 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 80×80 | 10″ | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ64 | 23° | 160 |
| TL-NYG2.0 | 2000 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 90×90 | 10″ | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ108 | 23° | 160 |
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More Types of Arm:
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Structure of Torsion Axle:
Packaging & Shipping
Our Advantages
Company Profile
HangZhou Tsingleader Industry Co., Ltd. is located in the beautiful HangZhou city. We specialize in the production of trailer parts, axle and transmission of engineering machinery and special engineering and agricultural machinery.
Over the past years, Tsingleader Industry has invested 4 manufacturing plants in China. Following the principle of “quality assurance, abiding by the contract, reciprocity, mutual benefit and first-class services”, we have won the trust from our clients both at home and abroad.
Our annual sales amount reaches USD 5 million and our products have been exported to North and South America, Europe ,Africa,South Asia and the Middle East.
We sincerely hope to become your earnest business partner and your contact will be warmly welcomed.
|
US $80-120 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
###
| After-sales Service: | All Liftcycle |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 1 Year |
| Type: | Axle |
| Certification: | ISO/TS16949, CCC, DOT, ISO, CE |
| Loading Weight: | 3500lbs |
| ABS: | Without ABS |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 120/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Size | Capacity (kg) | SC (mm) | TR (mm) |
LP (mm) |
Axle Tube (mm) |
Brake Szie |
Studs | P.C.D | B.C.D | Torque arm angle |
Offset center of the arm |
| TL-NYG0.75 | 750 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 60×60 | 10" | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ60 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.0 | 1000 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 70×70 | 10" | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ64 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.5 | 1500 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 80×80 | 10" | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ64 | 23° | 160 |
| TL-NYG2.0 | 2000 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 90×90 | 10" | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ108 | 23° | 160 |
|
US $80-120 / Piece | |
1 Piece (Min. Order) |
###
| After-sales Service: | All Liftcycle |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 1 Year |
| Type: | Axle |
| Certification: | ISO/TS16949, CCC, DOT, ISO, CE |
| Loading Weight: | 3500lbs |
| ABS: | Without ABS |
###
| Samples: |
US$ 120/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) |
|---|
###
| Customization: |
Available
|
|---|
###
| Size | Capacity (kg) | SC (mm) | TR (mm) |
LP (mm) |
Axle Tube (mm) |
Brake Szie |
Studs | P.C.D | B.C.D | Torque arm angle |
Offset center of the arm |
| TL-NYG0.75 | 750 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 60×60 | 10" | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ60 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.0 | 1000 | 1300 | 1700 | 1825 | 70×70 | 10" | 5-M12x1.5 | φ114.3 | φ64 | 23° | 137 |
| TL-NYG1.5 | 1500 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 80×80 | 10" | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ64 | 23° | 160 |
| TL-NYG2.0 | 2000 | 1300 | 1730 | 1855 | 90×90 | 10" | 6-M12x1.5 | φ139.7 | φ108 | 23° | 160 |
Types of Axles
An axle is the central shaft of a rotating wheel or gear. It can be fixed to the wheels or to the vehicle itself. Depending on the design, it may be fixed in different positions and have different types of mounting points. It may also have bearings. Axles come in different types and shapes. Some of them are more functional than others, and they may be semi-floating, tandem-drive, or lift axles.
Customized axles work best for cars
Adding big horsepower to a car can increase its performance, but this addition can also cause problems. It is important to take proper measurements for the rear axle to ensure it is not too long or too short. However, this measurement can become complicated with limited-slip differentials and offset pinions.
If you want to add custom axles to your car, it is important to know the physical properties of the axle and what kind of load it can handle. If you’re only planning to make a minor upgrade, it may be enough to get a standard axle. However, if you’re planning to make any major modifications, a customized axle will be a much better option.
Customized axles can be made of a variety of materials. They can be made of carbon steel or nickel steel. Some are made to float freely and others are made to be rigid. If you’re building a car, you should also consider the type of bearings and kingpins that it will use.
Axles come in a variety of types, based on the amount of force they produce. Some are pre-defined, while others are customized to meet your car’s specifications. The advantages of customizing your axles include improved wheel speed and torque. You can even adjust the angle of the axles for even more performance.
Axles can make or break your car’s performance. Customized axles are made with a proprietary alloy material that increases the torsional strength. Because of this, they are able to withstand a tremendous amount of power. Additionally, they are able to withstand lateral and bending loads.
While customizing your axle is an excellent idea, it is also very expensive. The best way to go about it is to work with a professional. They are able to make the axles you need and they’re usually well-made and made of quality materials. However, you should make sure you check the reviews and ratings of the manufacturer before making a purchase.
If you want to shorten the axle on your car, you should have it machined with new splines. The number of splines on an axle is important because it determines the strength of the axle. A 33-spline axle is more durable than a 28-spline axle, and a 40-spline axle is even stronger.
Semi-floating axles
Semi-floating rear axles are a common type of axle used in midsize trucks. They utilize a single wheel support bearing and use one axle shaft to transmit rotation to the wheels. A semi-floating axle is typically lubricated. Aftermarket kits are available to make the axle shaft stronger. However, these kits do not upgrade the axle differential assembly. Therefore, axles with weak differential assemblies may not benefit from conversion.
Semi-floating axles feature a “C-Clip” for holding the axle shaft in place in the axle casing. The problem with this design is that the axle shaft is exposed to more wear and tear. In addition, axle shafts with a C-Clip must be surface-hardened in the area where the axle shaft is flexed.
Semi-floating axles differ from full-floating axles in their appearance. A semi-floating axle has a hub that looks like the hub of a 3/4-ton 14-bolt Ford axle, whereas a full-floating axle’s hub looks like that of a 1 ton Ford axle.
Semi-floating axles have a tapered end. This makes them more efficient in carrying weight. In addition, they have a keyed end to prevent the rear hub from slipping around. This ensures the axle remains stable even when the rear wheels are turning. It is also important to note that semi-floating axles can only carry a small amount of weight, while full-floating axles can carry a lot of weight.
Semi-floating axles are lighter than full-float axles, which makes them less expensive to manufacture. Additionally, if one axle fails, the vehicle will continue to operate normally. Aside from this, semi-floating axles also have c-clips, which are the bearings that bear the weight of the vehicle.
A semi-floating axle is also available with an optional 5-lug hub. The axle shaft transmits rotational torque from the differential to the wheel, and the hub rides on tapered roller bearings. A full-floating axle assembly is stronger than a semi-floating axle system. In addition, it is compatible with factory 5-lug hubs.
Semi-floating axles are easier to install than full-floating axles. However, if you want to convert your semi-floating axle to a full-floating axle, you can install an aftermarket kit.
Tandem-drive axles
A tandem drive axle is a type of axle with two wheels on one side of the vehicle. Compared to a single axle with two wheels, a tandem drive axle is 60 pounds lighter and offers improved performance and durability. This type of axle is designed to optimize fleet uptime by balancing design efficiency and application-specific demands.
The suspension system of a tandem drive axle includes air springs that control the suspension of the lead and trailing axles. The air springs are pneumatically connected to a common reservoir. The springs’ displacements are averaged to provide a controlling input to the air spring pressurization controller.
A tandem drive axle may be used to transport heavier loads. It is important to note that the maximum weight of a tandem drive axle may be different in different states. In general, the federal regulations allow up to 34K pounds per axle, but the state regulations may be different. However, the weight limits of tandem axle groups are significantly lower than for single axles.
A tandem drive axle is a common type of vehicle drive axle. It is characterized by two axles spaced more than 40 inches apart. The distances are measured from the axle centers. A tandem-drive axle may be a drive axle or a steer axle. If the steer axle is overloaded, steering will be more difficult.
A tandem drive axle is a popular choice for commercial trucks. It is durable and can handle heavy loads. It is often used in cement mixing trucks and tanker trucks, where the weight of the load is distributed evenly between the two axles. The combination of the two axles helps a tandem drive truck make a smoother start from a stopped position. Because the weight is distributed across two axles, the torque generated by the engine can be distributed more effectively.
A tandem drive axle is usually paired with two air-lift axles. A tandem drive axle is also used when the weight of a cargo truck cannot be supported by the two air-lift axles. Tandem-drive axles are typically installed at the rear of a truck’s chassis.
Lift axles
Lift axles are a great way to reduce the workload on your powertrain, while also improving your fuel economy. These axles reduce rolling resistance, thrust, and tandem scrub, and can improve fuel economy by two to five percent. However, you should use lift axles with care, and pay special attention to suspension spacing.
Some lift axles have a steering feature, which allows the driver to control when the axle is raised, which is useful for taking sharp corners. However, some drawbacks to non-steerable lift axles include excessive tire wear. Steerable lift axles can alleviate this problem, but they are generally more expensive.
Another benefit of lift axles is that they increase a vehicle’s weight carrying capacity. This is useful for trucks with large load capacities. Although state laws vary, federal regulations are generally in favor of spreading the weight of a truck’s cargo across several axles. This helps protect large road pavements and bridges.
Lift axles are an important feature of dump trucks and should be considered if you’re considering making a change. However, they can be costly, and it’s important to consider the costs and benefits before deciding on a new configuration. These axles are best used when the load capacity of a truck is more than double what it is capable of carrying.
The developed algorithm has been tested under various scenarios. First, the algorithm accepts the command from the driver to lift axles. However, it ignores the tag axle dropping command if the vehicle is traveling more than 30 kph. Second, the vehicle stops for about 60 seconds. Once loaded, the algorithm drops the axles in order.
Besides enhancing the weight carrying capacity of a truck, lift axles are also used for auxiliary purposes. Most of these axles are used on dump trucks. In addition to the pusher axle, some dump trucks have a tag axle, which increases the distance between the steer axle and rearmost axle. This allows the truck to carry more cargo than the pusher axle.
editor by czh 2022-12-07